1. Display little or no assertiveness.

2. Do not speak up and let others know how they feel about something, especially if their opinions differ.

3. Function as enablers. They have neither the courage nor the ability to assist others in discontinuing self-destructive behavior, e.g., alcohol or drug abuse, underachievement or workaholism.

4. Lack the courage to function differently from others, even when they don't enjoy the behavior in which they are involved.

5. Resort to passive/aggressive behavior; that is dishonest, sneaky, and allows for no open communication.

6. Play games with people. They will keep their personal feelings hidden. They are in tune with what is in and make every effort to emulate it in their lives.

7. Privately express a great deal of anger or depression over how unfortunate and unhappy their current lifestyle is. Yet, when helped to look at alternatives involving assertiveness, they take a "yes, why, but'' attitude.

8. Are confused as to their true identity, wearing "masks'' to please others.

9. Become so obsessed with functioning, looking, and acting in a "prescribed'' manner that they become rigid, inflexible, and closed to alternative behavior. This is true even if they are unhappy in the lifestyle they hold to so rigidly.

10. Are dishonest with themselves, so much so that it carries over into their interactions with others and they become habitual liars.